1. Top 10 Topics 考研英语作文超经典实用套句 一条缝的眼睛 2009年12月18日18:03 来源：新浪教育点击565次 一、小作文 在考研英语小作文写作中，除了保持一般的议论文风格，还需要在三段中穿插信函相关的套句模板，来适应书信文体的要求。 下面就帮大家整理了一些小作文最常用的经典套句，希望大家在考场上能够信手拈来，发挥作用。 1.  一般开头句型 I’m writing to…  开门见山的开头模式 I’m writing to inform you that… (通知类型) I’m writing to seek your assistance in … (请求类型) I’m writing in response to your advertisement in … (回应类型) I’m writing to express my views on … (建议类型) I’m writing to apply for the scholarship that your department offers to students from other countries. (申请类型) I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding… (咨询类型) I’m writing to express my disappointment/ dissatisfaction about… (投诉类型) 2.  感谢类句型 thank-gratitude-grateful-appreciate 的多种变体 I’m most grateful to you for your… I’m writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for… I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks for… I feel greatly indebted to you for… I’m writing to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me… But for your kind assistance, I would have … I must thank you again for your generous help。 Please accept my deepest gratitude。 3.  道歉类句型 sorry-apologize- apology的多种变体 I feel really sorry to you for… I must apologize to you for… I would like to express my deepest apology / regret for not being able to … Had I …, I would have…。 Please accept my sincere apology for… I want you to know how badly I feel about… 4.  一般结尾句型 Any favorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated. (申请/求职) We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your presence. (邀请函) Best wishes for your greater success in your career. (祝愿) Thank you for your patience and concern in reading this letter. I hope this does not cause you too much inconvenience. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience。(套话组合) 虽然信函的套用句型还有很多的变化，但上面选取的这些句子在考试中都是非常实用的，无论什么样的话题，开头结尾加上表示感谢和道歉的礼貌客气话总是必不可少的。 二、大作文 经过对各类考研作文的分析和挖掘，我们发现，在200词以下的短作文中，三段设置是一个? 冉虾侠淼母窬帧Ｌ乇鹗翘岣偃愠鱿值哪谌莺凸媛桑颐强梢苑⑾忠还渤鱿止殖＜亩温洹Ｕ庑┕δ芏温渫ü楹希梢孕纬啥嘀侄嘌目挤āＳ捎诳佳行醋飨喽岳此当冉夏Ｊ交虼硕温涞某鱿忠埠苡泄媛伞？梢钥闯鲆韵碌那榭觯?/div> 第一段：话题引出段 / 图画图表描述段 第二段：观点列举段 / 利弊分析段 / 举例论证段 / 原因列举段 /意义阐释段 第三段：归纳结论段 /  未来趋势段 / 建议措施段 任何一次考试，只要在以上段落中进行三段组合，就可以进行一种命题。把握住了这种规律，考生就可以解剖大作文。把任何大作文看作三个部分的组合，如果有了各部分组合的固定精彩语言，就可以以不变应万变。以下列举出十大功能段落的精彩句型，供大家背诵使用。 1)话题引出段 Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of …… People in growing numbers are directing their attention to …… With the development of ……, the problem of …has become increasingly serious。 When it comes to ……, people’s notions may vary from one to another。 Recently, a heated discussion has sprung up as to …… Traditional virtue/value has it that……, yet people are……currently。 2)图画图表描述段 As is vividly shown in the picture,…… It is clearly depicted in the picture that…… This picture depicts a thought-provoking scene of …… According to the figures given in the chart,…。。 The chart above provides a series of essential figures, illustrating the changes taking place in a time span of …years。 3) 观点对比段 Opposite voices are now rising in the debate. Some people firmly believe that……. On the contrary, quite a few people argue that…… The controversial issue has aroused opposite opinions. One focuses on …….. ;the other opinion revolves around…… 4)利弊列举段 Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception. Above all, …In addition…More importantly… However, the negative influence it renders should not be neglected. ..not only …but also Is this phenomenon a blessing or a curse.? The following list of advantages and disadvantages can explain everything。 5)举例论证段 For instance; Take…for an example; A case in point is…… The following illustrations can serve as strong evidence of the phenomenon。 6)原因列举段 Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it。 Having taken everything into consideration, we may attribute the sharp change to three aspects。 7)意义阐释段 The purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to…。 The fact/phenomenon that…indicates that … … Having scrutinized the details of the picture, we can discuss the implications subtly conveyed from it。 8)归纳结论段 In conclusion, In my opinion, As far as I am concerned, Taking into account all the analyses above, we may confidently come to the conclusion that…… 9)预测趋势段 There is no denying that ……will continue increasing/decreasing in the better/worse direction。 Undoubtedly, the tendency reflected from the chart will undergo a continuous increase/decrease in the near future。 10)建议措施段 Therefore, it is imperative that we should take some drastic measures。 As far as I am concerned, two effective measures must be immediately taken to pull through the crisis。 As a result, it is advisable to settle the problem by two means。 把握住了以上所列举的一些精彩句型，就可以达到任由提纲组合，句型同步组合的目的。只要作文中具备了高分句型，其它部分随机应变或即兴发挥，都可以保障作文的语言水准是在高分级别。希望同学们利用好框架，在考试中游刃有余地展开，取得高分。   1.1 Health Care Reform China’s long-awaited healthcare reform plan to be publicized in March www.chinaview.cn  2008- 01-18 20:58:04   Print     BEIJING, Jan. 18 (Xinhua) — China’s long- awaited reform plan for its failing healthcare system will be released in March shortly after the top legislature’s annual session, said Health Minister Chen Zhu.     The plan has almost been completed and the ministry is still soliciting opinions from experts and other departments, Chen was quoted by Friday’s Modern Express, based in east China’s Jiangsu Province, as saying.     The plan covers four aspects of the medical system: public health care, medical treatment, medical insurance and supply of medicines, he said at a meeting held on Thursday in Jiangsu.     Soaring medical costs in recent years have plunged many rural and urban Chinese back into poverty as a result of the government’s failure to implement an adequate medical insurance network after it cut subsidies for medical costs in 1992.     China plans to reform the present system so that common people can enjoy universal basic services at reasonable prices, according to a government report to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s top legislature last December.     The scheme features basic concepts including adhering to the orientation of serving the people, ensuring the "non-profit" nature of public medical institutions, cutting hospitals’ involvement in drug sales, increasing governmental responsibility and input, and establishing a basic medicare network for the whole population.     The ministry announced earlier this month that the reform will be piloted this year "in selected regions".     Several provinces including Jiangsu have applied to take part in the trial, Chen said.     The minister, also a renowned molecular biologist, called on doctors to improve their professional ethics. "Doctors shall not act as puppets of big pharmaceutical companies," he said.     According to a recent survey by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) on "unsafe" factors upsetting the public, rising medical costs have become the top concern among Chinese people. The high costs usually result from expensive medicines.     Countless media reports have told of doctors intentionally prescribing costly drugs in return for kickbacks from pharmaceutical firms.   1.2 China’s Role in Copenhagen What is copenhagen? —————————— Copenhagen is the location of a major international climate change conference in December 2009, in which the world will come together to negotiate and agree how to tackle international climate change. The current global agreement, the Kyoto Protocol, expires in 2012 and so in effect, Copenhagen will create its successor. The impacts of climate change on people and food? —————————— Over 100 years ago, people worldwide began burning more coal and oil for homes, factories, and transportation. Burning these fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These added greenhouses gases have caused Earth to warm more quickly than it has in the past. How much warming has happened? Scientists from around the world with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tell us that during the past 100 years, the world’s surface air temperature increased an average of 0.6° Celsius (1.1°F). This may not sound like very much change, but even one degree can affect the Earth. Below are some effects of climate change that we see happening now. Sea level is rising. During the 20th century, sea level rose about 15 cm (6 inches) due to melting glacier ice and expansion of warmer seawater. Models predict that sea level may rise as much as 59 cm (23 inches) during the 21st Century, threatening coastal communities, wetlands, and coral reefs. Arctic sea ice is melting. The summer thickness of sea ice is about half of what it was in 1950. Melting ice may lead to changes in ocean circulation. Plus melting sea ice is speeding up warming in the Arctic. Glaciers and permafrost are melting. Over the past 100 years, mountain glaciers in all areas of the world have decreased in size and so has the amount of permafrost in the Arctic. Greenland’s ice sheet is melting faster too. Sea-surface temperatures are warming. Warmer waters in the shallow oceans have contributed to the death of about a quarter of the world’s coral reefs in the last few decades. Many of the coral animals died after weakened by bleaching, a process tied to warmed waters. Heavier rainfall cause flooding in many regions. Warmer temperatures have led to more intense rainfall events in some areas. This can cause flooding. Extreme drought is increasing. Higher temperatures cause a higher rate of evaporation and more drought in some areas of the world. Ecosystems are changing. As temperatures warm, species may either move to a cooler habitat or die. Species that are particularly vulnerable include endangered species, coral reefs, and polar animals. Warming has also caused changes in the timing of spring events and the length of the growing season. Hurricanes have changed in frequency and strength. There is evidence that the number of intense hurricanes has increased in the Atlantic since 1970. Scientists continue to study whether climate is the cause. More frequent heat waves. It is likely that heat waves have become more common in more areas of the world. Warmer temperatures affect human health. There have been more deaths due to heat waves and more allergy attacks as the pollen season grows longer. There have also been some changes in the ranges of animals that carry disease like mosquitoes. Seawater is becoming more acidic. Carbon dioxide dissolving into the oceans, is making seawater more acidic. There could be impacts on coral reefs and other marine life. What can I do? —- —————————– Get involved: Groups and individuals around the world are campaigning for action on climate change. Getting involved with these stakeholder groups mobilising around Copenhagen and pushing for an ambitious deal. Reduce your carbon footprint: If you are looking for ideas about what simple behaviour changes you can make to reduce your emissions, you can calculate your carbon footprint and find tips on how to reduce it at Act on CO2   1.3 Top 10 Events in 2009 科技类：1）网络个性化服务 2）网络游戏 文化类 3）文化交流  4）山寨文化 社会道德类 5）慈善事业    6）名人广告 环境类  7）全球变暖效应 经济类  8）失业问题     9）经济全球化 科技类：1）网络个性化服务personalized online service 2）网络游戏 online games/literature 此为两个中性词，网络游戏侧重贬义，网络个性化服务侧重褒义。重点在：1 ，分析原因   2，阐述观点 思路：定语+核心名词 1. Personalized online service（causes/ advantages） 扩：online shopping Causes：思路：1满足消费者需要 2 迎合时尚品味 3 使我们的生活更方便 First，personalized online services emphasize to meet the customers’ individual needs and personal preferences. Second, as a new business, the personalized online service cater for the fashion, therefore it attracts a large number of young people. Third, this kind of service has made our lives more and more convenient. To conclude, X is a promising business and it will have greater development. 2. online games (causes/ disadvantages) 扩：network literature 原因（causes）： 1，2，与网络个性化服务同 First，online games/literature emphasize to meet the players’ individual needs and personal preferences. Second, as a new business, the online game cater for the fashion, therefore it attracts a large number of young people. Third, it can enrich our lives and make our spare time more and more colorful. 缺点（disadvantages）： 1. 浪费时间 2. 危害身心健康  3. 是人际关系疏远 First, some people lack self-control, thus they spend too much time on games. Second, online games do great harm to their mental health and affect their school achievements/ work performance. Third，online games even alienate the young players from the friends and classmates around them. 文化类：1）文化交流：cultural communication / invasion 2）山寨文化：shanzhai culture 1. culture communication （causes，advantages） 扩：迪斯尼在上海落“沪” 原因Causes: 1．寻求相互理解 2.科技经济发展3. 文化无国界 First，people of different nations begin to seek profound mutual understanding and friendly communication. As a result, cultures become international. (扩)For instance, there is a new fashion to celebrate the traditional Chinese new year—the Spring Festival globally. Second, with the development of technology and the global economy, intercultural exchanges are becoming more and more frequent. Third, while people belong to nations, there is no boundary in cultural fields. / the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and it belongs to the whole mankind. 优点（意义）Advantages: 1 开阔视野 2 保持文化多样性 First, it can broaden our horizons and provide us with a lot of opportunities to know more about foreign cultures. Second, in the long run, it can keep the cultural diversity by injecting some foreign elements into our culture. 山寨文化：（略）见英语决胜指南（邵宁）。 社会道德类：1）慈善事业             2）名人广告 1）慈善charity（causes / opinions / advantages） 扩：十元慈善，赞助贫困学生，希望工程以及献血 10-yuan charity，help the needy youngsters, hope project， blood donation causes/ opinions:思路： 1.经济发展  2. 优良传统 3. 回报社会 First, with the rapid development of economy/ the steady improvement of living standards, a growing number of people are rich enough to help others financially. Second, mutual help is a traditional virtue of our nation. Third, the people with our help will make great contribution to our society rather than a burden. 2）名人广告：celebrity advertisement 扩：假冒伪劣 fake commodities 盗版产品 pirated products 考试作弊 cheating on exams Causes:1. 只重经济利益 2管理不够有效3社会道德观下降 First, Some celebrities/ people don’t care whether such products are of inferior quality, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits (they can get from it). Second, measures taken to control the problem are not efficient enough (to restrain violators).  (Management is not efficient.) Third, a main reason is continuing decline of social values/ morality. Disadvantages: 关键结构悉数给出 1. Hinder the healthy and smooth development of economy 2. spoil the mutual trust among people 3. cause unfair competition 4. disturb the order of the market 5. make people lose faith in the government/authorities 6. hamper the innovation of economic/social structure 环境类：全球变暖效应  global warming 扩：white pollution  energy shortage   (causes/ harms/ solutions) Causes:1. 减少化石燃料  2. 只重视经济利益 3. 可用“万能原因” First, with the development of economy/ increase in population, the demand for fossil fuels is growing steadily. Second, some people don’t care about the bad effects of global warming, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits (they can get from it). Third, most people haven’t yet realized how serious the problem has become. Harms：1. 改变气候 2.危及沿海城市 3.子孙后代 1. make growing contribution to global climatic change 2. Endanger some coastal cities/ island countries 3.     be a potential threat to our future generations solutions:1 增强意识 2 加强治理 3 寻找替代（能源） 1.     raise people’s awareness of… 2.     lay down rules and regulations to cope with … 3.     turn to alternative energy sources, such as electricity and solar energy. 经济类：1）失业及下岗问题unemployment         2）经济全球化 economic globalization 失业及下岗问题unemployment Causes： 1.      Financial crisis  2. fierce competition in employment market Solutions: 1. unemployment fund   2. vocational training 3. psychological advice 经济全球化：economic globalization Causes： First, multinational corporations and international economic organizations are becoming more and more popular and powerful. Second, Electronic products and information technology are developing rapidly, which accelerates the globalization process. Advantages: First, our Chinese business owners can have opportunities to expand their companies globally and more choices when recruiting a workforce. Second, a global economy would also help in promoting international cooperation and peace.   1.3.1 Global Financial and Economic Crisis in 2009   Root Cause   Crisis Spereading in China Wen warns economic crisis spreading in China Premier Wen warns economic crisis still spreading in China; says recovering will be arduous BEIJING (AP) — Premier Wen Jiabao warned that the impact of the global financial crisis was still spreading in China and the country faces the long and arduous task of combating its effects. The official Xinhua News Agency quoted Wen as saying Saturday that China "must strengthen confidence in the face of the crisis and be ready to take firmer and stronger actions when necessary." He did not go into specifics. China is one of the only major economies still growing, though it has slowed. Growth fell to a seven- year low of 6.8 percent in the final quarter of 2008 compared with the same time a year earlier. The government announced a 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion) plan in November aimed at boosting domestic consumption to shield China from the global slowdown, which has battered Chinese exporters. But its effects are not expected to be felt for several months. The plan calls for spurring domestic consumption by pumping money into the economy through higher spending on public works. State companies have been ordered to speed up plans to build power plants and other facilities. (来源：英语麦当劳 http://www.EnglishCN.com) Wen noted Saturday that trade- dependent coastal areas have been hit by waves of factory closures and layoffs and that the country’s migrant workers have been hardest hit by the crisis. "I want to take the opportunity to extend my gratitude to our migrant workers," Wen said, adding that the government should encourage workers who have lost their jobs to start their own businesses by offering tax incentives and training opportunities. The government says about 20 million migrants have lost their jobs and communist leaders worry about possible unrest. On Friday the deputy chairman of China’s planning agency said China is confident it can meet its growth target of 8 percent this year, though "downward pressure" from the global economic crisis is growing. The comments were Beijing’s latest effort to reassure uneasy consumers and companies and encourage them to keep spending.   1.3.2 网络个性化服务 First，personalized online services emphasize to meet the customers’ individual needs and personal preferences. Second, as a new business, the personalized online service cater for the fashion, therefore it attracts a large number of young people. Third, this kind of service has made our lives more and more convenient. To conclude, online is a promising business and it will have greater development.   1.3.3 网络游戏 First, some people lack self-control, thus they spend too much time on games. Second, online games do great harm to their mental health and affect their school achievements/ work performance. Third，online games even alienate the young players from the friends and classmates around them.   1.3.4 文化交流 原因Causes: 1．寻求相互理解 2.科技经济发展3. 文化无国界 First，people of different nations begin to seek profound mutual understanding and friendly communication. As a result, cultures become international. (扩)For instance, there is a new fashion to celebrate the traditional Chinese new year—the Spring Festival globally. Second, with the development of technology and the global economy, intercultural exchanges are becoming more and more frequent. Third, while people belong to nations, there is no boundary in cultural fields. / the culture of any nation is a kind of precious heritage, and it belongs to the whole mankind. 优点（意义）Advantages: 1 开阔视野 2 保持文化多样性 First, it can broaden our horizons and provide us with a lot of opportunities to know more about foreign cultures. Second, in the long run, it can keep the cultural diversity by injecting some foreign elements into our culture.   1.3.5 慈善事业 1）慈善charity（causes / opinions / advantages） 扩：十元慈善，赞助贫困学生，希望工程以及献血 10-yuan charity，help the needy youngsters, hope project， blood donation causes/ opinions:思路： 1.经济发展?2. 优良传统 3. 回报社会 First, with the rapid development of economy/ the steady improvement of living standards, a growing number of people are rich enough to help others financially. Second, mutual help is a traditional virtue of our nation. Third, the people with our help will make great contribution to our society rather than a burden.   1.3.6 名人广告 名人广告：celebrity advertisement 扩：假冒伪劣 fake commodities 盗版产品 pirated products 考试作弊 cheating on exams Causes:1. 只重经济利益 2管理不够有效3社会道德观下降 First, Some celebrities/ people don’t care whether such products are of inferior quality, but fix their eyes on the profits/benefits (they can get from it). Second, measures taken to control the problem are not efficient enough (to restrain violators).?(Management is not efficient.) Third, a main reason is continuing decline of social values/ morality. Disadvantages: 关键结构悉数给出 1. Hinder the healthy and smooth development of economy 2. spoil the mutual trust among people 3. cause unfair competition 4. disturb the order of the market 5. make people lose faith in the government/authorities 6. hamper the innovation of economic/social structure   1.3.7 失业问题 失业及下岗问题unemployment Causes： 1.牋牋?Financial crisis?2. fierce competition in employment market? Solutions: 1. unemployment fund牋 2. vocational training 3. psychological advice   1.3.8 经济全球化 经济全球化：economic globalization Causes：? First, multinational corporations and international economic organizations are becoming more and more popular and powerful. Second, Electronic products and information technology are developing rapidly, which accelerates the globalization process. Advantages: First, our Chinese business owners can have opportunities to expand their companies globally and more choices when recruiting a workforce. Second, a global economy would also help in promoting international cooperation and peace.   2. Letters/应用书信范文 1)称呼 英语应用文称呼有这样的特点，如果是不认识的人，一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如，Dear Sir or Madam ；如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人，称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如，Dear Mr. xx或Dear Ms.xx；对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名。 2)正文 正文格式一般格式为首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行；现在流行的格式，每段开头不空格，但是各段之间空一行。考生在格式方面可以根据自己的习惯进行选择。只要让阅卷人看得舒服，且完全符合应用文要求的文体就可以。 语言—— 用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次，句型多变。例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句。注意语法运用要正确。 再者，正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构，注意这样的情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体。像写给朋友的书信等。 小作的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合。考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言，使交流得以进行。另外，也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议你对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，以便运用自如。 其他要点—— 考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔。虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词，但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后，认真列个提纲，这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时，注意表达清楚以下几个方面。首先交代清楚写信目的；其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然，注意关联词或衔接词的运用；接下来，应该对个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。 最后，行文间要注意简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候，应该检查、修改，以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。   2.1 求职信 Dear Sirs, I am graduating from the Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade this summer. As a student of English for Business, I hope to work for a foreign company after graduation。 In the past three academic years, I have proved myself to be a straight student, awarded a succession of scholarships. My English is particularly good and German happens to be my second foreign language, which will live up to the requirements set by a wholly foreign-owned enterprise like yours。 I apply for the position of assistant to your marketing project manager. You will find me a good team player, self- motivated and eager to learn. I believe I can be of value to your company。 Enclosed please find my resume。 I should be very happy if you would arrange an interview with me。    Yours sincerely,          Wang Lin   2.2 求学信 Dear Professor Smith, I am writing to apply for admission to your university for further studies in the field of Physical Chemistry leading to a Ph.D. degree. I would also like to apply for a position as a teaching assistant. Would you please send me the necessary information and forms? I am 26, male, majoring in chemistry. I received my M.S. degree from Nanjing University of Science and Technology in 1994. I have been working as a teaching assistant in the chemistry Department there。 An early reply would be appreciated. Thank you。            & #160;            60;              ;       Respectfully yours,            & #160;            60;              ;        (Signature)    Li Ming   2.3 请求信 Dear___________, I am writing to formally request to___________（请求的内容） The reason for ______________is that______________________________（给出原因）. I________, so I ___________________________________（给出细节） I would also like to request ________________________（提出进一步的要求）. I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused. Thank you for your attention to these requests. If you have any questions, do not hesitate to contact me at____________（电话号码）. I look forward to a favorable reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming 例二 Dear_____________, ①I am_____________（介绍自己的身份）. ②I will/am_____________（与请求有关的自身现状）. ③I”d like to_____________（阐明自己的请求）. ④I will appreciate your_____________（有关该请求的详细信息）. ⑤I”m going to _____________（对方如能帮助实现请求，自己将要做些什么）. ⑥Here are the reasons why_____________（承上启下，开始解释原因） ⑦For one thing, _____________（请求的原因一）；For another, _____________（原因二）. ⑧Therefore, _____________（总结写信的目的）. ⑨ I shall be much obliged to you if you _____________（对收信人的期望）. ⑩Thanks for your king consideration and Iook forward to receiving your earliest reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming   2.4 邀请信 例一 Dear________, There will a ________________（内容） at/in________________（地点） on___________（时间）. We would be honored to have you there with us. The occasion will start at ___________（具体时间）. This will be followed by a _______（进一步的安排）. At around______（时间）,____________________________（另一个安排）. I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ____________（通知你的最后期限）. Yours sincerely Li Ming 例二 Dear_____________, ①_____________（开门见山提出事件/活动、地点、时间）. ②It would be pleasant/honored to have you here. ③During the party/conference, we will have lots of activities you will be interested in. ④First, ____________（要举行的活动内容一）.⑤Second, __________（要举行的活动内容二）. ⑥I know/believe that you will be very interested in_____________. ⑦First/For one thing, _____________（受邀请人参加的理由一）.⑧Second/For another, _____________（受邀请人参加的理由二）.⑨The conference/party would not be complete without you! ⑩The party/conference will begin at 时间and we do hope you can come. Yours sincerely Li Ming   2.5 感谢信 Dear Prof. Herthwell, Many thanks for your kind hospitality and the honor you showed me during our delegation’s recent visit to your university. It was nice of you to introduce me to so many of your famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university. We had a safe and sound trip home. Now we have resumed our work。 Meanwhile, I hope you will someday pay a short visit to our university and give us some lectures on “Modern Western Economics”。 Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China。 With best wishes。 Sincerely yours,          Li Dong   2.6 投诉信 Dear_______, I am_______________________. （自我介绍） I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______. The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______________（总体介绍）. In the first place,_________________________（抱怨的第一个方面）. In addition, ____________________________（抱怨的第二个方面）. Under these circumstances, I find it ___（感觉） to ____________________________（抱怨的方面给你带来的后果）. I appreciate it very much if you could_______________________（提出建议和请求）, preferably __________（进一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（设定解决事情最后期限）. Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming

]]> http://www.chinaui.org/2010/01/2010mba%e5%85%a5%e5%ad%a6%e8%80%83%e8%af%95%e8%8b%b1%e8%af%ad%e4%bd%9c%e6%96%87%e7%b4%a0%e6%9d%90%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%8d%e4%b9%a0%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81/feed 0 http://www.chinaui.org/2010/01/%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e8%80%83%e7%a0%94%e7%9c%9f%e9%a2%98%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb%e4%b8%ad%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%ad%e8%af%ad-%e4%ba%8c http://www.chinaui.org/2010/01/%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e8%80%83%e7%a0%94%e7%9c%9f%e9%a2%98%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb%e4%b8%ad%e5%b8%b8%e8%a7%81%e7%9a%84%e7%9f%ad%e8%af%ad-%e4%ba%8c#comments Mon, 04 Jan 2010 12:32:17 +0000 EROS http://www.chinaui.org/2010/01/238.html 281. in the twinkling of an eye 一眨眼,转眼间
282. keep an eye on(=keep a watch on)照看,监视
283. in the eyes of in one’s eyes ( = in the judgment of ) 在某人看来, 在某人眼里
284. on the face of it (=judging by what one can see) 表面看来
285. in the face of 面对着(困难等情况) 
286. in one’s face当着某人的面; face to faced面对面; face up to 大胆面向
287. fail in (=be unsuccessful in) 失败
288. in good faith(=honestly, sincerely) 真诚地
289. keep faith with 对…守信用

290. lose faith in 对…失去信心
291. on faith 毫无怀疑地, 依赖地
292. faithful to (=loyal to) 对…忠诚
293. fall into the habit (of) 养成…习惯
294. fall short of (=fail to reach a desired result, standard, etc.) 没达到, 低于
295. familiar with 熟悉,了解
296. have a fancy for ( =like sth. without the help of reason) (没有道理地)喜欢, 想要
297. take a fancy to (=become fond of) 喜欢
298. by far 远, 非常 (与比较级或最高级连用) 
299. far from 远远不是
300. far from 非但不…(而且) 
301. in fashion(=stylish, most modern)时兴,流行
302. after the fashion (of) 依照… 
303. find fault with(=complain about; criticize)找毛病，对…吹毛求疵
304. at fault (=in the wrong, blamable)有错
305. in favour of 赞成
306. be in favour with 受宠, 受偏爱; out of favour with 失宠, 不受宠
307. in one’s favour(=to one’s advantage)对.有利
308. (be) favourable to(=advantageous)有利的
309. fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb. or sth.) 为…担心
310. for fear of (=in case of; because of anxiety about) 以防, 由于怕
311. in fear of (=afraid for the safety of) 担心
312. feed (sb.) on sth. 靠吃…, 用…喂养
313. be fed up with(=be unhappy, tired about sth. dull) 厌烦, 腻了
314. feel like (=have a desire for) 想要
315. fill in 填写
316. fill out ( =fill in )填写
317. set the world on fire=set the flames on fire(=do sth. remarkable)有突出成就
318. play with fire (=take great risks)干冒险事
319. set sth. on fire(=set fire to sth.)使..着火,放火
320. at first sight(=when first seen)乍一看,一见
321. for the first time 第一次 (作状语) 
322. in the first place 首先, 第一
323. fit into 刚好放入
324. fit in with ( = suit , fall into agreement) 合适, 相配, 一致
325. (be) fit for (=right and suitable for) 适合
326. focus on (=concentrate on) 集中在…上；focus sth. on 把…集中在…上
327. be fond of 喜欢
328. (be) in force 有效 , 实施
329. go into force 开始生效
330. by force 靠武力, 强行
331. force…on 把…强加给… 
332. in the form of 以…形式
333. be fortunate in 幸运,有好运气
334. free of charge 免费
335. be freed from 免受, 没有… 
336. in front of 在…前面 in the front of 在…前部
337. furnish…with (=supply) 向…提供
338. in general (=in most cases, usually)通常
339. catch (or get) a glimpse of 瞥见(强调结果) take a glance(or look) at看一眼(强调动作) 
340. be good for 对…有好处;对…有作用；be good at 擅长于; be good to 对…好
341. in good time(=early)早早地(做完.到达等) 
342. for good (=for ever) 永远地, 长期地
343. take…for granted (=assume to be true) 把…认为理所当然的. 
344. be grateful to sb. for sth 因…感谢某人
345. on the ground(s) fo (=because of) 由于… 
346. fall to the ground (计划.希望等)失败,落空
347. on one’s guard(against) 谨防, 警惕；(be) on guard 站岗
348. guard against (=defend, keep safe)警惕,防止 guard…against 警卫…防止
349. guess at 猜, 估计
350. by guess 靠猜
351. be guilty of 犯有…罪或过失
352. be in the habit of 习惯于
353. break off (a habit) 改掉(某种习惯) 
354. break sb. of (a habit)使某人改掉(某习惯)  
355. get (fall) into the habit of养成了…的习惯
356. come to a halt (=stop) 停止; 停住
357. at hand 在手边, 眼前(附近) 
358. by hand 用手工(做) 
359. hand in glove(with) 狼狈为*, 密切合作
360. in hand 1)在手边 2)(=under control)控制住
361. in the hands of 由…掌握, 控制, 负责
362. live from hand to mouth勉强度日,现挣现吃
363. at the head of 在…的前头
364. head for (=move towards) 向…方向前进
365. hear of (=know about) 听人说起, 听说过
366. at heart (=in reality) 内心里, 实际上
367. in one’s heart (of hearts)内心深处,事实上
368. by heart (=by memory) 熟记, 背(诵) 
369. to one’s heart’s content 尽情地
370. with all one’s heart全心全意地,真心实意
371. hinder…form(=stop…from)阻碍,使..不能做
372. be (go) on holiday 在(去)度假；go on holiday = go for a holiday  
373. be (feel) at home (=to be comfortable; not feel worried) 感觉合适，无拘束，熟悉
374. be honest in诚实
375. in one’s honour (or in honour of)祝贺,纪念
376. on one’s honour 以某人的名誉担保
377. hope for 希望(某事发生),希望有
378. to one’s horror 令某人感到恐惧的是
379. in a hurry (=hastily) 匆忙地
380. be identical with(=exactly alike)和完全相同
381. be identified with 被视为与…等同
382. in ignorance of 不知道… 
383. be ignorant of ( = lacking knowledge) 对…不了解,不知道
384. (an) impact (on) 对…的强烈影响
385. impose…on 把…强加给
386. impress…on 给…留下印象

387. make (leave) an impression on sb. =give sb. an impression 给…留下印象
388. under the impression that有..的印象,认为
389. improve sth.(make sth. better)把原物改进；improve on(=produce or be sth. better than…) 另做一物比原物更好
390. improve in (=get better) 有改进, 好些
391. improvement in 表示原物有改进,好转
392. include…in 把…列在…里面
393. inclusive of 把…包括在内
394. independent of 独立的,不受约束的
395. indicative of 表明, 说明
396. be indifferent to (=not interested in)对…漠不关心, 冷淡, 不在乎
397. (be) inferior to(=less good in quality or value) 比…差; superior to比…好
398. inform sb. of sth. 通知, 告诉
399. be innocent of 无罪的,无辜的
400. insist on (=order sth. to happen) 坚持要
401. instead of (=in place of) 代替，而不是… 
402. instruct…in (=teach) 教.指导.训练某人… 
403. insure…for 把…保险(多少钱); ensure 使安全; assure…(of) 使…确信,保证
404. insure…against 保险…以防
405. intend…for 打算把…给
406. (be) intent on 专心致志, 坚决
407. in the interests of 符合…的利益；be interested in 对…感兴趣
408. interfere in干涉, interfere with打搅,干扰
409. at intervals 每隔一会儿, 每隔一段距离
410. intervene in 干预
411. invest in 投资
412. be involved in (=become connected or concerned) 卷入, 参加
413. by itself (=alone, without help)单独地,靠自己
414. in itself 本身; of itself 自发,自然
415. be jealous of 妒忌
416. jump at (=to be eager to accept)抢着接受,  
417. jump on (=scold, tell of) 叱责
418. junior to sb. 年纪较…轻, 职位较…低. 
419. (be) keen on 喜爱, 渴望
420. keep a close watch on ( =keep a sharp lookout for) 密切注视
421. keep…to oneself(=keep secret)不告诉别人
422. to(the best of) one’s knowledge 据…所知
423. at large(=at liberty, free) 在逃, 逍遥法外 at large(=in general) 一般来说, 大体上 ；at large(=at full length; with details)详细地
424. lean against (背)靠着… 
425. at least 至少; at most 至多
426. (not) in the least 一点(也不), 丝毫(也不) 
427. at one’s leisure 在…有空的时候
428. lend itself/themselves to适合于(某用途) 
429. at length (=after a long time, at last)终于；at length (=in detail, thoroughly)详细地
430. go to any length想一切办法, 尽一切力量
431. be liable to (=be subject to)易于..的,应受(罚) 
432. be liable for 对…应负责任的
433. lie in 在于
434. in life 一生中
435. for life 终身
436. in the light of (=considering; taking into account) 考虑到, 根据
437. throw light on ( = make clear, explain) 使…更为清楚, 提供线索, 阐明
438. in line with(=in agreement with)符合,一致
439. long for(=want very much)渴望,希望得到
440. for long 很久,很长时间(否定句.疑问句中) 
441. before long (=soon)不久, 过了不久以后. 
442. in the long run (=in the end)从长远来说,最后; in the short term (从短期来说) 
443. (be) at a loss 不知所措
444．major in 主修（某课程

1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在
3. absence or mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉
4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 
5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有
6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解
7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地,

8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地
9. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致
10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据
12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 
13. take…into account(=consider)把…考虑进去
14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由)  
15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 
16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 
17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 
18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告
19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于.  
20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉
21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理
22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于
23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 
24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之
25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外
26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循
27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的
28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 
29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 
30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 
31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 
32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 
34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意
35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致
36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 
37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 
38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 
39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计
40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 
41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到. 
42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 
43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 
44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 
45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 
46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉
47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力
48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 
49. apply to 与…有关;适用
50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准
51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 
52. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 
53. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 
54. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻
55. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 
56. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结
57. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 
58. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料
59. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法
60. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果
61. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均
62. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 
63. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面
64. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 
65. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台
66. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃
67. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 
68. be based on / upon 基于
69. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上
70. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢
71. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) 
72. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义
73. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 
74. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 
75. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 
76. for the better 好转
77. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过.

78. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生
79. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上
80. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 
81. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机
82. boast of (or about) 吹嘘
83. out of breath 喘不过气来
84. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之
85. in bulk 成批地,不散装的
86. take the floor 起立发言
87. on business 出差办事. 
88. be busy with sth.于某事 。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
89. last but one 倒数第二. 
90. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设
91. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买
92. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的
93. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何
94. in case (=for fear that) 万一;  
95. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言
96. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 
97. be cautious of 谨防
98. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上
99. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 
100. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地

101. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然
102. for a change换换环境(花样等) 
103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 
104. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管
105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 
106. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 
107. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地
108. comment on 评论
109. commit oneself to 使自己承担… commit sb. to prison把某人送进监狱; commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来; commit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论
110. in common (和…)有共同之处,共用. be common to sb. 是与某人所共有的
111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好. 
112. compare…with … 把…与…比较
113. compare…to… 把…比作… 
114. by comparison 比较起来
115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起来
116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿, 赔偿,弥补 compensate sb. for sth. 赔偿,弥补
117. complain of (or about)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情; complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…; complain (抱怨); complement (补充); compliment (恭维) 
118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守, 依从
119. conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象,设想
120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中,专心
121. be concerned with (=about) 与…有关
122. concern oneself about / with 关心
123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一点; at the conclusion of 当…结束时;  
124. condemn sb. to 判决
125. on condition that (=if)以…为条件, 假如. in that = because 因为; now that = since 既然；for all that = although 尽管
126. in / out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit) 健康状况好/不好 . in good (bad) condition处于良好(坏)状态
127. confess(to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth. wrong)承认, 供认; confess to a crime 承认罪行. 
128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one’s secret) 对…讲真心话, 依赖
129. in confidence 推心置腹地; with confidence 满怀信心地; have confidence in 对…有信心
130. confidence in sb. / sth. 对…的信赖
131. be confident of 有信心; confidential 机密的
132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范围内
133. confirm sb. in 使某人更坚定(信念等) 
134. conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey服从; 2) observe; 3)comply with照…办; 4)keep to遵循; 5)abide by服从;6)stick to按..做
135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面对, 面临
136. congratulate sb. on 祝贺
137. in connection with(=with regard to)关于, 
138. be conscious of(=be aware of)觉察,知道
139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意
140. in consequence (=as a result) 结果
141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的结果
142. under consideration 在考虑中
143. in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of )由于
144. on no consideration(in no case)无论如何也不
145. take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account)考虑到, 把…考虑进去
146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 体贴的, 考虑他人需要的, considerable相当大的,值得考虑的
147. consist of(=be composed of)由…组成的. consist in主要在于. consist with符合,与…一致
148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)与…一致. be consistent in一贯的, 
149. consult sb. on/ about sth. 向…征求…方面的意见, 就…向…请教
150. to one’s heart’s content尽情地,痛痛快快
151. be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事
152. contrary to (=in opposition to) 与…相反
153. on the contrary 相反
154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照) 
155. in contrast to/with 和…形成对比；by contrast 对比之下
156. contribute to 有助于
157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制
158. at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点 . be convenient to / for 对…方便
159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做… 
160. cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)应付, 处理
161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at) the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯; be in a tight corner陷入困境
162. correspond (with) ( =exchange letters regularly) 通信
163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致
164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价
165. a matter of course 理所当然的事
166. as a matter of course 当然地, 自然地
167. in (during) the course 在…过程中
168. in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久, 到一定时候
169. on credit赊购; with credit以优异成绩; to one’s credit使某人感到光荣; do sb. credit 使…感到光荣
170．be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的
171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病
172．a danger to对…的危险; be in danger(of)处于…危险中; be out of danger脱离危险
173. to date(=so far, until now) 到目前为止
174. out of date过时的；up to date新式的,时兴的; date back to可追溯到; date from从某时期开始(有) 
175. deal with (=concern) 论及
176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债
177. on the decline 在衰退中, 在减少中 in decline 下降; on the increase 在增加
178. to one’s delight 令某人感到高兴；to one’s regret 遗憾; sorrow悲痛; relief 安心; distress 苦恼; shame羞愧; surprise 惊奇; astonishment 惊奇; 
179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢, 取乐
180. take (a) delight in 喜欢干…, 以…为乐

181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西. demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西
182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时
183. be dependent on 依靠
184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物
185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的.derive from(=come from)起源于
186. despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望
187. in despair 绝望
188. despite (=in spite of) 不管, 尽管
189. in detail 详细地
190. deviate from 偏离, 不按…办
191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食, 节食
192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于… 
193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难, 
194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因…解雇, 开除
195. fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退; in disorder 慌乱地, 狼狈不堪
196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列
197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉
198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议
199. in dispute 在争议中
200. in the distance 在远处. make out 辩认出
201. (be) distinct from ( = be different from) 与…截然不同
202. distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别
203. distinguish…from 把…与…区别开
204. do away with(=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去,废除,取消; do away with (=kill) 杀掉, 镇压
205. have…to do with 与…有关系
206. without doubt (=undoubtedly)无可置疑地
207. in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)对…表示疑惑
208. be due to 是由于
209. come off duty 下班
210. go on duty 上班
211. be on duty 值班, 值日, 在上班时
212. be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one’s job or esp. by conscience) 有义务(做) 
213. be eager for 想得到, 盼望
214. by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆,不看乐谱
215. have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language)对..有鉴赏力
216. a word in one’s ear 私房话, 秘密话
217. on earth 究竟, 到底, 全然
218. with ease ( = easily) 容易, 不费力
219. at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在,不拘束
220. put sb. at his / her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness)使某人感到无拘束
221. economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省
222. have an effect on 对…有影响
223. be in effect (=be in operation) 有效
224. go into effect 生效. ( 近: come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect) 
225. in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上
226. give effect to (=carry out) 实行,使…生效
227. to no effect 不起作用,没有取得任何效果
228. (be) of no effect (=useless) 无效
229. to the effect that 大意是…,主要内容是… 
230. to that effect 是那个意思的… 
231. emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 出现, 暴露(问题. 意见等) 
232. place(or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调, 把重点放在…上
233. encourage sb. in 鼓励; encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作; encourage sb. in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲
234. encourage sb. in …with sth. 用…鼓励某人做某事
235. on end (=continuously) 连续地
236. (be) at an end (=finished) 结束了
237. no end of (=very many/much) 很多,大量
238. in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终
239. at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to do or to say) 无法可想, 智穷计尽
240. end up with 以…而结束
241. come to and end (=finish) 结束
242. end in 以…为结束
243. engage in 或 be engaged in 忙于,从事
244. enter for (=put the name on a list for) 报名参加
245. enter into (=begin) 开始(谈话, 谈判等) 
246. enter on / upon (=begin) 开始 (一个时代. 一种生涯. 一段任期等) 
247. be entitled to (=be given the right to do sth.)有权…,有资格… 
248. be equal to 等于
249. be/ feel equal to (=have enough strength, ability etc.) (某人)能胜任,能应付 on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地
250. be equipped with 装备有,装有
251. (be) equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning) 相等于, 相当于
252. in essence (=in its/one’s nature) 本质上
253. at all events (=in spite of everything, in any case) 不论怎样, 无论如何
254. in any event (=whatever happens in the future) 无论如何, 不管(将来)怎么样
255. in the event that(=if) 假如, 如果. in the event 结果, 实际情况是(常与but连用)  
256. in the event of(=in case of)万一,即使发生..时
257. except 除…以外; besides 除…以外还有.. 
258. except (=but) 除了。
259. except for (=apart from) 除…以外
260. (an) exception to …的例外
261. with the exception of (=except, apart from) 除去…., 除…以外
262. in excess of (=more than) 超过
263. exchange…for 以…交换
264. exclusive of (=not taking into account; without) 不包括
265. in excuse of 作为…的借口
266. exert…on… 对…施加… 
267. exert oneself to do sth. 努力,使劲
268. come into existence (=begin to exist)开始存在; come into use开始使用; come into effect开始运转; come into fashion开始时新; come into action开始行动; come into power开始执政; come into sight进入视野;come into blossom开花;  
269. (be) in existence存在 come into existence 出现
270. expect…of 在…期望… 
271. at the expense of在损害…情况下,以…为牺牲
272. expose…to…使暴露于…, 使…受(危险,风险) 
273. be exposed to… 面临…, 受到…. 
274. beyond expression (=in a manner that cannot be expressed) 无法形容, 说不出的
275. give expression to 表达, 表现 find expression in 表现
276. to …extent 在…程度上
277. in the extreme (= extremely) 极其
278. look sb. in the eye 正视, 打量(某人) 
279. close (shut) one’s eyes to不理会,视而不见
280. in one’s mind’s eye 在心目中, 在想象中